El pasado domingo 06 de octubre de 2024 se publicaba en el Diario de Girona la sentencia ganadora del procedimiento llevado a cabo por el despacho Torroella Abogados. Se trata de una sentencia favorable para una familia de Banyoles, que ha evitado ser desahuciada porque el fondo buitre que ha intentado echarlos lo ha hecho con un proceso judicial destinado a ocupas.

Los afectados eran los antiguos propietarios de la vivienda, pero en 2013 perdieron su propiedad porque no pudieron seguir pagando la hipoteca. Entonces, la entidad bancaria inició un proceso de desahucio a través de un procedimiento de ejecución hipotecaria, pero pudieron suspenderlo en su momento porque la familia tiene un hijo menor y porque hay una ley que protege a los deudores hipotecarios vulnerables (la Ley 1/2013).

La situación no acabó ahí, sino que el banco traspasó la finca a un fondo buitre vinculado a la misma entidad, y ese fondo ahora ha intentado desahuciar al matrimonio otra vez a través de un proceso judicial pensado para ocupas, es decir , personas que no tienen ninguna vinculación con la vivienda ocupada. De esta forma, el fondo podría eludir la aplicación de la ley que protege a los deudores hipotecarios.

Pero no le ha salido bien. El juzgado de Primera Instancia 8 de Girona ha rechazado esta estrategia, alegando que el procedimiento iniciado por el fondo no es adecuado porque los demandados no son desconocidos, sino que eran los antiguos propietarios de la casa y antiguos deudores hipotecarios. El fondo está vinculado a la entidad bancaria que se quedó la vivienda, y por tanto, es evidente que sabía quiénes eran los ocupantes. La sentencia sostiene que el procedimiento por el que debe desahuciarse a los ocupantes antiguos deudores hipotecarios, en su caso, es el de la ejecución hipotecaria, ya que el proceso de desahucio por precario no es el adecuado e impide que se pueda aplicar la ley que protege a los expropietarios. El fondo, según resuelve la sentencia, deberá hacerse cargo de los costes del procedimiento.

«Los fondos buitres quieren la llave de la vivienda a cualquier precio a pesar de estar frente a familias vulnerables con riesgo de exclusión social, ya sea violando sus derechos utilizando procedimientos judiciales que no son los adecuados y/o negándose a suscribir contratos de alquiler social cuando quedan obligados a hacerlo” según denuncia la abogada Anna Torroella.

En los últimos años, se han incrementado las unidades familiares o personas que pueden acogerse a la ley de protección a los expropietarios, actualmente, pueden acogerse, familias monoparentales, numerosas, con menores de edad, o personas mayores de 60 años o con discapacidad del 33 por ciento o superior, entre otros.

Por el momento, la familia podrá seguir viviendo en su antigua vivienda, y el siguiente paso es suscribir un alquiler social hasta un máximo de siete años. Torroella asegura que se trata de un fondo que no es americano, y esto va a favor de la familia: «los fondos americanos no tienen corazón, nunca ofrecen alquileres sociales e incumplen sistemáticamente la ley, y no existe un régimen sancionador efectivo para detenerles los pies», lamenta.

También lamenta que a pesar de que la el Tribunal de la Unión Europea el 14 de marzo de 2013 ( caso Mohamed Aziz vs Catalunya Caixa) dictó una sentencia que impedía al deudor hipotecario pudiera perder su vivienda por el impago de pocas cuotas o por un incumplimiento irrisorio en relación a la duración del préstamo y cuantía (como dejar de pagar 3, 7, o 10 cuotas de un contrato de 360 ​​cuotas (30 años) o 480 cuotas (40 años), esta doctrina no fuera acogida por los Tribunales españoles hasta mucho más tarde Así, esta doctrina del TJUE no fue acogida por el Tribunal Supremo hasta su Sentencia de 11 de septiembre de 2019, modificando su propia doctrina que hasta ese momento consideraba no abusivo la pérdida de la vivienda por impago de más de 3 cuotas Mucho dolor se habría evitado a muchas familias que perdieron su vivienda por un impago irrisorio de cuotas en contratos de larga duración como son los hipotecarios, siendo los grandes beneficiarios de este drama los fondos buitres , los más voraces por excelencia, los de procedencia americana.

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